Ggbs and pfa are materials that can be added to cement made from clinker to produce different types of grey cement, or to replace a proportion of cement made from clinker when making concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs a waste product of steel industry, known to have cementitious properties. Ggbs was obtained from ironmaking production in the uk. Using one tonne of regen in concrete reduces the embodied co2 by around 900kg, compared to using one tonne of portland cement, and also increases its durability. In addition, the durability of the mortars, when subjected to. Murali krishnan2 1 assistant professor, 2 student, department of civil engineering mailam engineering college, mailam, villupuram district, tamil nadu 604 304. Use of granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate in cement mortar m c nataraja1, p g dileep kumar2, a s manu1 and m c sanjay1 this paper investigates the possibility of utilizing granulated blast furnace slag gbfs as a sand substitute in cement mortar, in order to reduce environmental problems related to aggregate mining and waste. Geopolymer cement is a state of art novelty and tends to create a. Ordinary portland cement opc has been traditionally used in the construction of concrete silos in ireland. Among these 70% to 75% volume of concrete is occupied by coarse and fine aggregate, rest of about 25% to 30% is cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs chemical.
A typical combination is 50% ggbs with 50% portland cement, 4but percentages of ggbs anywhere between 20 and 80 % are commonly used. Ecocem ggbs has several unique technical and environmental characteristics that ensures it is the best performing ggbs on the market. Ggbs is one of these supplementary materials used to replace with cement to reduce the consumption of the cement. Geopolymer concrete will be introduced as an alternative concrete which did not use any cement in its mixture and used metakaolin and ggbs as alternative cement. Ggbs partially replaced in concrete in step of 20% 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%. The present paper is an effort to quantify the strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs at various replacement levels and evaluate its efficiencies in concrete. Partial replacement of cement with ggbs in self compacting. Using ggbs for partial cement replacement in concrete. In this present experimental work an attempt is made to replace cement by ggbs to overcome these problems. Ggbs dust does not present any fire or explosion hazard.
Apr 19, 2007 ggbs cement has exactly the same chemical constituents as ordinary portland cement, only in slightly differing proportions. Granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by rapidly chilling quenching the molten ash from the furnace with the help of water. Introduction concrete is the largest man made material on earth. Strength ggbs cement has a higher ultimate strength than concrete made with portland cement. Typically the 7day strength of a ggbs concrete will be 5565% of the 28day strength compared to 7080% for a similar cem i portland cement concrete. Similarly low cement content concrete, kerb backing etc, the reduction will be magnified. After iterative trial mixes the water cement ratio wc was selected as 0. Nov 01, 2014 powerfloating as ggbs concrete stays plastic for a longer time than portland cement concrete, this enables the contractor to achieve a very flat finish. The amount of cement, ggbs, water and aggregates used during the pour of concrete in the steel tube for two different mixes are given in table 2. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in portland cement concrete pccwisconsin highway research program whrp 0701 irene k. Concrete plays a vital role in the development of infrastructure viz.
An investigation on combined replacement of cement by. Blue circle ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs. Fa was obtained from drax coalfired power station in the uk. Slower strength development and potentially higher longterm strength. As per is codes what is the maximum ggbs content i can add into concrete as a replacement of cement. Sustainable studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement.
Dubai municipality silica fume may be added to the concrete mixes to achieve the required strength andor. Ggbs technical data sheet ecocem ground granulated blastfurnace slag is used in combination with portland cement to produce superior longer lasting concrete. Ssrg international journal of civil engineering ssrgijce volume 2 issue 10 october 2015 issn. The chemical composition and microstructure of hydration products in blended cements. The analyses of the outer products from the ggbs blended cement were grouped in two regions. Islam department of civil engineering, chittagong university of engineering and technology, chittagong. Ggbs being a waste material, it needs proper method for disposal. Aggregates, cement and readymix concrete market investigation ggbspfa working paper introduction 1. It is always used in combination with portland cement, typically in the range 60% pc and 40% ggbs to 30% pc and 70% ggbs, depending on the application. Casting and testing detail total number 12 cubes and 8 cylinders were casted.
The normal ratios and proportions of aggregates and water to cementitious material in the mix remain unchanged. Effects of waterbinder ratio and ggbs level on activation energy article pdf available in international journal of technology 65. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. The mix proportions of concrete are modified for using ggbs and steel slag as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate respectively. Ggbs concrete ggbs proportions on its own, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs hardens very slowly and, for use in concrete, it needs to be activated by combining it with portland cement. Blast furnace slag ggbs has been used as a supplementary material along with the cement.
The ore releases the other components which combine with the quicklime to form. Ground granulated blast furnace slag conclusion jsw cement. Cem iggbs concrete when compared with tarmac bulk portland cement concrete at the same cement content has the following properties. However, as always, we need to ask what the intention is.
Fa and sf used were conforming to bs en 4501 and bs 2631 respectively. High strength concrete incorporating ground granulated. Opc stands for ordinary portland cement cem ggbs stands for ground granulated blastfurnace slag circular 225 july 2018. Ggbs can be used as filler and helps to reduce the total voids content in self compacting concrete.
On the other hand, it also contributes to environmental protection because it minimizes the use of cement during the production of concrete. Opc used with ggbs blend chemically binds the chlorides with slag hydrates effectively reducing the mobility of chlorides thereby reducing the reinforcement corrosion risk. May 26, 2016 after the molten iron is tapped off, the remaining molten slag, which consists of mainly siliceous and aluminous residue is then waterquenched rapidly, resulting in the formation of a glassy granulate. One such alternative is geopolymer concrete gpc, this concrete uses no portland cement, pozzalonic materials like fly ash and ggbs, rich in silica and alumina are used. Final setting time min 265 the granulated slag is extracted from the process of pig iron production, where the molten slag is quenched with cold water, producing glassy granulates. What is the advantage of using ggbs as replacement of cement. Micro silica of 0%, 5%, and 10% and15% along with ggbs was replaced by 20%, 30% 40% and 50%.
Blast furnace slag cements are in use for a reasonably long period due to the. The blends can be supplied as preblended factory produced cements, or can be formed in the mixer by adding portland cement and ggbs each from its own silo. G student structural engineering 2professor 1,2department of civil engineering 1,2k. To study the effective partial replacement of cement with ggbs and provide environment friendly construction material. An experimental study on partial replacement of cement by. Physical properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs ground granulated blast furnace slag have a color nearly white in appearance. Thus it can replace portland cement by up to 85% in making readymixed concrete. During this process, the slag gets fragmented and transformed into amorphous granules glass, meeting the requirement of is 12089.
Influence of micro silica and ggbs on compressive strength. Pdf strength and durability studies on ggbs concrete. In this study partial replacement of cement opc 43grade by groundgranulated blast furnace slag which varies from 5% to 25% at interval of 5% by total weight of opc. Strength development characteristics of concrete produced. Department of civil, structural and environmental engineering.
Ecocem ggbs replacement greater than 66% is classified as a sulfate resistant cement by en 197 and can be used in aggressive. Very occasionally, it can be found up to a ratio of 90% ggbs and 10% pc. Partial replacement of cement with ggbs in concrete. Dust control is the same as that required for portland cement. It is observed that there is an increase in the compressive strength for different concrete mixes made with ggbs.
N engineering college, gulbarga, karnataka, india abstract this paper presents a laboratory investigation on. This study calibrates the performance of concrete mixtures in terms of. Pdf utilization of alternate cementation materials leads to several possible. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Cement is partially replaced by ggbs in the ggbs concrete and the replacement percentage is 50%. Effect of cementitious waste material ggbs on concrete.
Opc samples suffered the highest rise in permeability and porosity and the greatest loss in both. Durability is an important factor that must be appreciable for any structure so that it is performing for the requirement for which it is built for. Pdf characteristics of ggbs as an alternate material in. A replacement rate of up to 70% is permitted by the i. The replacement of portland cement with ggbs will lead to significant reduction of carbon dioxide gas emission. Conditions to avoid ggbs should be stored enclosed such as a product bags or silos and avoid storing out in the open. Regen is more sustainable than other cement substitutes such as fly ash. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs based concrete. There are many examples of using the ggbs concrete in the.
This paper presents the workability study of concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cement without the addition of super plasticizer. Sustainable construction alternative for portland cement. An investigation on portland cement replaced by high. Pdf the development of a new cementitious material produced. Ecocem ggbs is used as a replacement for ordinary portland cement due to its higher long term strength, increased durability, and lower environmental impact. Effect of partial replacement of cement by groundgranulated. The reduction in earlystrength will be more noticeable at high ggbs levels and low temperatures. This glassy granulate is dried and ground to the required size, which is known as ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs. Ggbs as a partial replacement to ordinary portland cement opc and. What is maximum content of ggbs in concrete mix design civil4m. Cement with ggbs replacement has emerged as a major alternative to conventional concrete. Partial replacement of cement with ggbs in self compacting concrete for sustainable construction j. On top of that, we produce, import and export supply materials for cement and offer national road surfacing and contracting services.
Split tensile strength of concrete for m40 vs % of ggbs from figure 6 and 7, it is observed that at about 40% replacement of cement with ggbs, concrete attains its maximum split tensile strength. The chemical composition and microstructure of hydration. Ggbs is not currently listed in the table of workplace exposure limits wels, approved by the uk health and safety commission. Ggbs has a low reactivity and does not react under normal storage and use conditions.
An experimental study on partial replacement of cement by ggbs and natural sand by quarry sand in concrete chaithra h l1, pramod k2, dr. Can i add ggbs beyond the limit specified in is code. Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Strength, carbon footprint and cost considerations of. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is a cementitious material for use as part replacement of cement opc. Pdf the aim of this research is to study the effect of using ground. The cement industry is held responsible for some of the carbon dioxide emission, because the production of one ton portland cement emits approximately one ton of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. The first purpose of ggbs addition in a cement concrete is to reduce its. Ggbs is very useful in the design and development of highquality cement pastemortar and concrete. These problems are forcing civil engineers to investigate an alternative to conventional concrete.
A wide variety of ggbs cement options are available to you, there are 202 suppliers who sells ggbs cement on, mainly located in asia. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and vietnam, from which the percentage of ggbs cement supply is 4%, 88%, and 5% respectively. The production of ggbs requires less additional energy as compared with the energy needed for the production of portland cement. The use of ggbs serves as a replacement to already depleting conventional building materials and also as being a byproduct it serves as an eco. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. If it is to improve sulfate resistance, it is an excellent thing to do.
The utilization of supplementary cementation materials is well accepted, since it leads to several possible improvements in the concrete composites, as well as the overall economy. This is important interview question, i want correct answer for it. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron. Because ggbs has low embodied co 2, it allows designing concrete mixes for sustainable construction. Regen ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a cement substitute, manufactured from a byproduct of the ironmaking industry. If so to prevent wind blown dust it should be stored in a damp state.
Estimation of ggbs and hvfa strength efficiencies in concrete with. Ggbs also possesses better chloride resisting properties with a finer pore structure as compared to opc cement bamforth, 1995. Ecocem ggbs differentiators not all ggbs is the same. Effect of cementitious waste material ggbs on concrete as a replacement in cement quaid joharbhattiwala kuldeep dabhekar m. What is the advantage of using ggbs as replacement of. Compressive strength of ternary blended concrete at the ages of 7, 28, 60, 90 days for various combinations of micro silica and ggbs mixes were investigated. It is added to the concrete mixer along with ordinary cement, aggregates and water. From structural point of view, ggbs replacement enhances lower heat of hydration, higher durability and higher resistance to sulphate and chloride attack when compared with normal ordinary concrete. Ggbs ground granulated blastfurnace slag is used all over the world as a direct replacement for portland cement. Specialty cement vcem ggbs ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs engro is the pioneer and leading manufacturer of ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs. The cubes were cast by replacing cement with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% ggbs similarly replacing fine aggregate with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% steel slag. Experimental investigation on properties of concrete by partial. Ggbs concrete the cementitious slag makers association. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to produce iron.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. The appropriate cement content for concrete of a given 28 day cube strength and slump should be determined from trial mixes. On the basis of the wels for similar materials eg, portland cement and calcium silicate, lafarge cement recommend applying a wel of 10mg m. Self compacting concrete mixtures produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive,split tensile. Ggbs in self compacting concrete production as partial replacement of cement. Types of waste for the production of pozzolanic materials. Ggbs is an environmentally friendly product and made from a byproduct of iron manufacturing. Tech scholar professor department of civil engineering department of civil engineering g. Investigating the influence of cement replacement by high volume of. Suitability of bs en 1971 cem ii and cem v cement for. Effect of ggbfs of durability properties of concrete is discussed in this article. High strength concrete incorporating ground granulated blast.
Earlyage strength of ggbs concrete is lower than the normal pc concrete which limits its use in the. Ggbs can also be moved by airslides, cement screws and bucket elevators. A cem i, 52,5n portland cement used for reference concrete mix for blending with fa, ggbs and sf to produce cem ii and cem v cements for the study. An investigation on portland cement replaced by highvolume ggbs pastes modified with microsized metakaolin subjected to elevated temperatures. The main hydration product of ggbs is the same as portland cement, that is, calciumsilicahydrate, which is the major chemical compound providing strength in hardened cement concrete. Ggbs ground granulated blastfurnace slag is a cementitious material whose main use is in concrete and is a byproduct from the blastfurnaces used to make iron.
Durability of concrete is an important factor considered for structures. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs the importance of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs lies in its greener way to become a substitute in concrete material. Pdf studies on optimum usage of ggbs in concrete raja. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs to bs 6699. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. Effect of partial replacement of cement with ggbs on. Replacement of fine aggregates with ggbs serves a dual purpose in this study. This is due to the presence of reactive silica in ggbs which offers good compatibility. High strength concrete incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel fibres. Concrete made with ggbs cement sets more slowly than concrete made with ordinary portland cement, depending on the amount of ggbs in the.
In the concrete for the sydney harbour tunnel, we used marine cement which is a blended cement. Constant level of fly ash is also used in all set of mix proportion to increase the powder content for achieve the workability. Effect of cementitious waste material ggbs on concrete as a. What is maximum content of ggbs in concrete mix design. The usage of ggbs to replace the cement is because the production of the cement emits carbon dioxide gas to atmosphere. Vcem ggbs has the same chemical constituents as portland cement, only with slightly difference in proportion. To analyze effect of ggbs on the properties of fresh concrete especially workability of concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs jsw cement. With over 200 sites and more than 3900 dedicated employees, were home to everything from aggregates, asphalt, readymixed concrete and precast concrete products. Concrete made with ggbs cement sets more slowly than concrete made with ordinary portland cement, depending on the amount of ggbs in the cement mix, but also continues to gain strength over a longer period leading to improved overall durability and life expectancy. Transportation is by bulk tankers, as for portland cement. Experimental study on partial replacement of cement by flyash and ggbs syed asif ali1 professor shaik abdullah2 1p. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast.
So incorporating this waste material in concrete can reduce the depletion of conventional concrete components such as cement, fine. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is byproduct from the blastfurnaces of iron and steel industries. Ggbs and pfa on the mechanical performance of cement mortar. Experimental study on partial replacement of cement by flyash. Ggbs by partial replacing cement and addition of ggbs without replacing cement. From the above two differences in composition compared with the portland cement, would show changes in the hydration reaction as well as the hydration products that are given ggbfs. Ggbs cement is widely used in the uk and on the continent for making concrete. Introduction the blast furnace slag is a byproduct of the iron manufacturing industry. Chandrashekar a3 1pg student, dept of civil engineering, k v g college of engineering, sullia, india 2assistant professor, dept of civil engineering, k v g college of engineering, sullia, india 3hod, dept. Two major uses of ggbs 2 are in the production of qualityimproved slag cement, namely portland blast furnace cement pbfc and highslag blastfurnace cement hsbfc, with ggbs content ranging typically from 30 to 70% and in the production of readymixed or sitebatched durable concrete.